Defining Balance
Symmetrical Balance (Symmetry): Symmetrical balance occurs when a composition is mirrored on either side of a central axis. In this arrangement, both halves of the artwork are identical or nearly identical, creating a sense of harmony and stability. This balance is often found in classical art and architecture, where the equal distribution of visual elements evokes a feeling of order and serenity (Issaquah Schools Foundation, n.d.).
Asymmetrical Balance (Asymmetry): Asymmetrical balance involves a composition where the two halves differ yet still achieve a sense of equilibrium. While the sides may not mirror each other, the elements on each side interact in a way that allows them to maintain equal visual weight. This can be accomplished through varying factors such as color, size, position, and line. Asymmetrical compositions often feel more dynamic and engaging as they invite the viewer's eye to explore the contrasts and relationships between the elements (Issaquah Schools Foundation, n.d.).
Radial Symmetry: Radial symmetry is a balance in which visual weight radiates from a central point. This type of balance can be observed in designs that feature elements arranged around a central axis, creating a circular form that draws the viewer's attention inward. Radial symmetry is commonly seen in nature, such as flowers and starfish, as well as in various cultural art forms (Issaquah Schools Foundation, n.d.).
Balance in Egyptian Art
Balance in Egyptian art is evident in its adherence to strict stylistic conventions and proportions. These conventions reflect the Egyptians' worldview and societal structure, presenting a highly ordered and hierarchically arranged visual language.
Frontality: Most figures in Egyptian art exhibit frontality, facing forward with one eye visible. This convention creates a sense of stability and reinforces the importance of the figures depicted, whether gods, pharaohs, or other high-status individuals (Hennah et al., n.d.).
Axiality: The placement of figures is often along a central axis, which contributes to the sense of balance. This axiality emphasizes the significance of each figure relative to the others, establishing a clear hierarchy (Hennah et al., n.d.).
Proportions and Hieratic Scaling: The size of figures correlates directly with their importance. Pharaohs and gods are depicted as more significant than ordinary people, reinforcing their elevated status. This scaling method maintains social order visually, where the size difference indicates each figure's rank within the hierarchy (Hennah et al., n.d.).
Mathematical Precision: Egyptian artists used grids and mathematical ratios to ensure correct proportions, maintaining a balance reflecting their worldview. This systematic approach resulted in a consistent and recognizable style across various forms of art, from reliefs to sculptures (Hennah et al., n.d.).
References
Issaquah Schools Foundation. (n.d.). Balance (Symmetry/Asymmetry).
https://isfdn.org/balance-symmetry-asymmetry-reference-page/
Hennah, L., Pearson, J., & Helsby, W. (n.d.). Principles of Egyptian art. RSC Education.
https://edu.rsc.org/resources/principles-of-egyptian-art/1622.article